We show that the variety of Heyting algebras has finitary unification type. We also show that the subvariety obtained by adding it De Morgan law is the biggest variety of Heyting algebras having unitary unification type. Proofs make essential use of suitable characterizations (both from the semantic and the syntactic side) of finitely presented projective algebras.

The logicD-J of the weak exluded middle with constant domains is proved to be incomplete with respect to Kripke semantics, by introducing models in presheaves on an arbitrary category. Additional incompleteness results are obtained for the modal systems with nested domains extendingQ-S4.1.

La cultura griega, al mismo tiempo que la filosofía platónica, ha contemplado la inmortalidad del alma como algo cierto. Por su parte, el pensamiento de Unamuno se encuentra articulado poru anhelo de inmortalidad. En el pensamiento unamuniano se ofrecen diversas vías que buscan solucionar este problema antropológico fundamental. La falta de éxito en esta empresa nos aboca al tragicismo, que se convierte en un posicionamiento filosófico, cuya conceptualización filosófica encontramos en la obra Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. anto Platón (...) como Unamuno acaban realizando un giro desde el logos al mito o la religión, a fin de abordar temáticas que la racionalidad no puede solucionar. ¿Es posible que ambos pensadores se encuentren en su concepción de la inmortalidad del alma? Perseguimos la tesis de que el amor es el punto de encuentro entre ambos pensamientos, entendido este como una vía de «inmortalización» del alma. En esta investigación intentaremos poner en contacto ambos pensamientos, así como identificar algún posible elemento platónico en la filosofía del bilbaíno. (shrink)

We characterize (both from a syntactic and an algebraic point of view) the normal K4-logics for which unification is filtering. We also give a sufficient semantic criterion for existence of most general unifiers, covering natural extensions of K4.2⁺ (i.e., of the modal system obtained from K4 by adding to it, as a further axiom schemata, the modal translation of the weak excluded middle principle).

Following a Weltanschaaung that involves a concept of life, Hitler has organized one of central chapiters of his autobiography My Struggle, named “Nation and Race”. Three human groups – to know, the founders of culture, the bearers of culture, the destroyers of culture – would be organized as forms of life. These three groups cohabit in competition for the territory of living space. With Hitler´s interpretations, come up then a living economic, that justifies the Total State or the Total War. (...) In front of this horizon, appear critiques as Marcuse, which efforts intend to face the usurpation of concepts as life, nature and racionality by Nazi myth of race and nation. Into this field, Marcuse meets psychoanalysis. Someone considers this meeting as a return to some naturalism too far from the critical exigencies of this time; however, it is possible to insist that this resourse to Freud makes evident a straight critic to a living economic operated from a totalitarian Weltanschauung. (shrink)

Aquí lo que me interesa es, primero, distinguir dos problemas de justificación con respecto a la inferencia inductiva: por un lado, el de una justificación persuasiva de este tipo de inferencia y, por otro lado, el de una justificación explicativa de tal inferencia. En segundo lugar, intento mostrar que el argumento de Ramsey-de Finetti a favor de las reglas inductivas de la lógica bayesiana no es capaz de proporcionar una justifi-cación persuasiva de estas reglas. Finalmente, propongo una justificación explicativa para (...) las reglas de condicionalización bayesianas en términos de un argumento trascendental de inspiración kantiana y de estilo davidsoniano.Here, I am interested, firstly, in distinguishing two justification problems concerning inductive inference: on the one hand, the problem of a persuasive justification of induction and, on the other, the problem of an explicative justification of this sort of inference. Secondly, I intend to show that Ramsey-de Finetti’s argument in favor of Bayesian inductive rules cannot provide a persuasive justification for these rules. Finally, I propose an explicative justification for Bayesian conditionalization rules in terms of a transcendental argument of Kantian inspiration and Davidsonian style. (shrink)

The purpose of this paper is to outline a thesis which in some ways attemts to retrieve the value of meaning as a constituent element of theories. It will be argued that theories possess in common a more or less explicit relational structure, but, at the same time, they possess a meaningful function by means of which they are instruments of knowledge or, rather, by means of which theories have the value ofknowledge in science. In conclusion, it will be suggested (...) that this approach to theories allows those with weak relational structure (social, historical theories, etc.) to be treated with a degree of adequacy by the philosophy of science. Likewise, it will be suggested that the method of semantic analysis linked to the theory of “possible worlds” could be fruitful for this purpose. (shrink)

The pandemic period has placed the organizations in a state of great tension. It has generated a situation of confusion, lack of rules, and production-related criticalities that have called into question the very existence of many productive realities. This article aims to highlight the dimensions of care and ethics put in place by HR managers in COVID-19. The objective that animated the authors have focused on the HRM level of medium and large companies in Italy to highlight the protective actions (...) toward people and the organization in the period COVID 19, highlighting what were the ethical values and actions of care put in place. In this article, we wanted to give voice to managers who had management tasks in their organizations by asking them to tell us how they dealt with the challenges imposed by the emergency. In the research, we start from a way of understanding workplaces understood as a “process of ongoing social relationship” within which the HR function is dedicated to the care of the quality of relationships. HR managers have to manage a complex role of mediating between the interests of people and employers by trying to find good mediations. (shrink)

La muerte resulta problemática para la contemporaneidad. El existencialismo es una corriente filosófica que presenta la facticidad de la mortalidad como propia de la vida. El pensador Albert Camus articula los pilares fundamentales de su filosofía en torno a la experiencia de la muerte, que lleva al absurdo, del que debe partir la acción rebelde. En esta investigación se analizan algunas dinámicas que, pretendiendo huir de la muerte, solo han conseguido hacernos débiles frente a ella. Presentaremos a Sísifo y Rieux, (...) dos de los personajes de sus escritos, como aquellos paradigmas de conducta que pueden contribuir a hacernos más conscientes del absurdo y poder, de este modo, vivir, amar y luchar. (shrink)

Resenha do livro COLLECTED PAPERS OF HERBERT MARCUSE PHILOSOPHY, PSYCHOANALYSIS AND EMANCIPATION –VOL. 5.

En este breve comentario, discuto dos aspectos, en mi opinión esenciales, del reciente libro de Atocha Aliseda sobre el razonamiento abductivo (Abductive Reasoning). El primero tiene que ver con la clasificación de la abducción propuesta por Aliseda respecto al tipo de lógica que le subyace. Sobre esto, considero que la mejor opción sería tal vez excluir la abducción de tal clasificación. El segundo se refiere al mecanismo de búsqueda de hipótesis abductivas que nos ofrece Aliseda (el método computacional de los (...) árboles semánti-cos extendidos). Sugiero que queda por establecerse la realidad psicológica de tal mecanismo.I discuss, in this brief commentary, two relevant aspects of Atocha Aliseda’s recent book on abductive reasoning (Abduc-tive Reasoning). The first has to do with Aliseda’s proposed classification of abduction with respect to the sort of logic under-lying it. I contend that perhaps the best option is to exclude abduction from this classification. The second aspect concerns the search mechanism for abductive hypotheses offered by Aliseda (the computational method of extended semantic tableaux). I suggest that its psychological reality has yet to be established. (shrink)

Werte sind kollektive Leitvorstellungen fur das Denken und Handeln. Unser menschliches Denken und Handeln wird von Werten bestimmt und gesteuert. Die Werte selbst sind Ergebnisse der jeweiligen Kulturgeschichte. Das Buch stellt zentrale Werte der europaischen Kulturgeschichte vor. Es sind vor allem drei Werte-Familien, die Europas Kulturgeschichte gepragt haben und nach wie vor pragen: Erstens die europaische Rationalitatskultur mit dem Leitwert des eigenstandigen Denkens, der Suche nach Wahrheit, Kritik und Kritikfahigkeit, Demokratie und Toleranz, Freiheit, Individualitat, Bildung, aber auch Rechtssicherheit, Wehrhaftigkeit, Technizitat, (...) Macht und Wohlstand. Die zweite Werte-Familie umfasst religiose Werte wie die Offenheit fur die religiose Erfahrung selbst sowie genuin christliche Werte wie Nachstenliebe, soziale Fursorge, Empathie, Solidaritat, Friedfertigkeit, Schutz der Schopfung, also Nachhaltigkeit. Die dritte Gruppe umfasst patriotische Werte wie Muttersprache, Heimat, Vaterland und den historisch eher spaten Wert der Nation. Menschen, politische Gruppen sowie historische Epochen werden gepragt durch die fur sie bedeutsamen Werte. Werte stehen somit im Konflikt miteinander und uberlagern sich auch. Politische Einstellungen und ganze Epochen konnen daher nach ihren Werte-Dominanzen unterschieden werden. In Zeiten des Werte-Zerfalls pladiert der Autor abschliessend fur eine Balance der Werte und einen europaischen Werte-Patriotismus. (shrink)

We prove a generalization of the hyper-game theorem by using an abstract version of inductively generated formal topology. As applications we show proofs for Cantor theorem, uncountability of the set of functions from N to N and Gödel theorem which use no diagonal argument.

By using some classical reasoning we show that any countably presented formal topology, namely, a formal topology with a countable axiom set, is spatial.

In this article there is a criticism of the thesis that defines the Spanish political transition as a successful attempt to put an end to the "law of the pendulum" that had been governing our constitutional history. On the one hand, this thesis underestimates the conditions of the Spanish situation of 1978, marked by the transit between two worlds, the modern one that inherited and the emerging postmodern, which would become an unquestionable reality from 1989. In addition, the Spanish Constitution (...) of 1978 was drafted at a time when the political-normative conceptual assumptions of the dominant constitutional paradigm in Europe after World War II were declining. Likewise, the thesis ignores the specific spanish differential feature: the civil war of 1936-1939 and the subsequent rupture and radical separation of Spanish modernity into two distinct historical sections: one initiated with the French Revolution and culminated in the most absolute destruction of the pre-existing political and social order; and another that starts in 1939, since the construction of zero of a radically new pattern of society and culture, with which the Spaniards encountered in December 1975 when they assumed their full political protagonism in a situation unprecedented and completely devoid of precedents in our national constitutional tradition. (shrink)

Vision is the main entrance for environmental input to the human brain. Even if vision is our most used sensory modality, its importance is not limited to environmental exploration. Rather it has strong links to motor competences, further extending to cognitive and social aspects of human life. These multifaceted relationships are particularly important in developmental age and become dramatically evident in presence of complex deficits originating from visual aberrancies. The present review summarizes the available neuropsychological evidence on the development of (...) visual competences, with a particular focus on the associated visuo-motor integration skills in health and disease. With the aim of supporting future research and interventional settings, the goal of the present review is to constitute a solid base to help the translation of neuropsychological hypotheses into straightforward empirical investigations and rehabilitation/training protocols. This approach will further increase the impact, ameliorate the acceptance, and ease the use and implementation of lab-derived intervention protocols in real-life situations. (shrink)

O Argumento da Terra Gêmea Moral (ATGM) é o desafio semântico central para o Realismo Moral Naturalista (RMN). À fim de evitar tal problema, os defensores do RMN têm articulado uma série de réplicas ao ATGM. Neste artigo, abordo algumas dessas réplicas e defendo a tese de que elas não refutam o ATGM. Considero duas propostas em específico: o Argumento da Tradução, de D. Copp, e o Argumento do Fim da Investigação Moral, de A. Viggiano. Apresento essas objeções, mostro em (...) que sentido pretendem responder ao ATGM e argumento que cada uma delas é vulnerável a vários problemas. Concluo que os ataques de Copp e Viggiano ao ATGM devem ser recusados e que o desafio semântico ao RMN persiste. (shrink)